These late elementary pieces are partly written out and partly left blank, with the blank areas to be filled in by the performer’s improvisation or composition. Suggestions for filling in those blank areas are given for each piece. There are completely written out versions which can be used to give the students ideas to start their own improvisations, or they can be learned as finished pieces themselves. Arnstein has some humorous and clever pieces called The Impudent Right Hand, The Incredible Shrinking Scale, Rats in the Sewer to name a few. This is a great book for group classes where the students are learning basic improvisation and composition.